Role of Obesity in Chronic Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review
Keywords:
Body mass index, obesity, periodontitis
Abstract
Obesity has increased at an alarming rate in recent years and is the fastest growing health-related problem in the world. Obesity
is a long-term disease that develops from an interaction between genotype and the environment, obese adults have also been
considered to be at high risk for multiple infl ammatory diseases and conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and
arthritis. It has been proved that obesity contributes to an overall systemic infl ammatory state, effecting metabolic and immune
parameters, thereby increasing susceptibility to periodontal disease. Many studies on obesity and periodontal disease suggested
that they both are interlinked with each other and obesity itself has been recognized as a major risk factor for periodontal disease.
It has been found that adverse effects of obesity on the periodontium may be mediated through pro-infl ammatory cytokines and
various other bioactive substances. The present literature focuses on the possible role of obesity and obesity-related diseases
like diabetes and coronary heart diseases, as a potential contributor to periodontal disease.
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systemic disease: evaluating the strength of the evidence. J Periodontol
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diseases: a review. J Periodontol 2005;76 11 Suppl:2085-8.
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mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries
2008;28:38-44.
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Non-surgical periodontal therapy lowers serum infl ammatory markers: a
pilot study. J Periodontol 2009;80:1574-80.
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decreases periodontitis risk in men. Eur J Epidemiol 2003;18:891-8.
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health-enhancing behaviors: maintaining normal weight, engaging in
recommended level of exercise, and consuming a high-quality diet.
J Periodontol 2005;76:1362-6.
27. Al-Zahrani MS, Borawski EA, Bissada NF. Increased physical activity
reduces prevalence of periodontitis. J Dent 2005;33:703-10.
28. Mathus-Vliegen EM, Nikkel D, Brand HS. Oral aspects of obesity. Int Dent
J 2007;57:249-56.
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Spec No:4S-10.
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the diabetic patient in the dental offi ce. J Periodontol 2006;77:331-40.
et al. Overweight, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption in
a cross-sectional random sample of German adults. BMC Public Health
2006;6:233.
2. Clinical guidelines on the identifi cation, evaluation, and treatment of
overweight and obesity in adults: executive summary. Expert Panel on the
Identifi cation, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight in Adults. Am J
Clin Nutr 1998;68:899-917.
3. Clinical guidelines on the identifi cation, evaluation, and treatment of
overweight and obesity in adults – The evidence report. National Institutes
of Health. Obes Res 1998;6 Suppl 2:51S-209. Published erratum appears in
Obes Res 1998:6:464.
4. Barlow SE, Dietz WH. Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert Committee
recommendations. The Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health
Resources and Services Administration and the Department of Health and
Human Services. Pediatrics 1998;102:E29.
5. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of
Endocrinology. AACE/ACE position statement on the prevention, diagnosis
and treatment of obesity (1998 revision). Endocr Pract 1998;4:299-350.
6. Thomas PR. Weighing the options: Criteria for evaluating weightmanagement
programs. Committee to Develop Criteria for Evaluating
the Outcomes of Approaches to Prevent and Treat Obesity, Institute of
Medicine. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press: 1995.
7. Haffajee AD, Socransky SS. Relation of body mass index, periodontitis and
Tannerella forsythia. J Clin Periodontol 2009;36:89-99.
8. Ylöstalo P, Suominen-Taipale L, Reunanen A, Knuuttila M. Association
between body weight and periodontal infection. J Clin Periodontol
2008;35:297-304.
9. Executive summary of the clinical guidelines on the identifi cation,
evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Arch Intern
Med 1998;158:1855-67.
10. Pouliot MC, Després JP, Lemieux S, Moorjani S, Bouchard C, Tremblay A,
et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple
anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation
and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol
1994;73:460-8.
11. Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Systemic effects of periodontitis: epidemiology
of periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol
2005;76 11 Suppl:2089-100.
12. Dietrich T, Garcia RI. Associations between periodontal disease and
systemic disease: evaluating the strength of the evidence. J Periodontol
2005;76 11 Suppl:2175-84.
13. Mattila KJ, Pussinen PJ, Paju S. Dental infections and cardiovascular
diseases: a review. J Periodontol 2005;76 11 Suppl:2085-8.
14. Perlstein MI, Bissada NF. Infl uence of obesity and hypertension on
the severity of periodontitis in rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol
1977;43:707-19.
15. Dalla Vecchia CF, Susin C, Rösing CK, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM.
Overweight and obesity as risk indicators for periodontitis in adults.
J Periodontol 2005;76:1721-8.
16. Genco RJ, Grossi SG, Ho A, Nishimura F, Murayama Y. A proposed model
linking infl ammation to obesity, diabetes, and periodontal infections.
J Periodontol 2005;76 11 Suppl:2075-84.
17. Linden G, Patterson C, Evans A, Kee F. Obesity and periodontitis in
60-70-year-old men. J Clin Periodontol 2007;34:461-6.
18. Sarlati F, Akhondi N, Ettehad T, Neyestani T, Kamali Z. Relationship
between obesity and periodontal status in a sample of young Iranian adults.
Int Dent J 2008;58:36-40.
19. Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Koyama R, Tsuneishi M, Naito K, Tobe K.
Relationship between body mass index and periodontitis in young Japanese
adults. J Periodontal Res 2008;43:417-21.
20. Kongstad J, Hvidtfeldt UA, Grønbaek M, Stoltze K, Holmstrup P. The
relationship between body mass index and periodontitis in the Copenhagen
City Heart Study. J Periodontol 2009;80:1246-53.
21. Boesing F, Patiño JS, da Silva VR, Moreira EA. The interface between
obesity and periodontitis with emphasis on oxidative stress and
infl ammatory response. Obes Rev 2009;10:290-7.
22. Tendon S, Dhingra MS, Lamba AK, Verma M, Munjal A, Faraz F. Effect
of periodontal therapy on serum lipid levels. Indian J Med Specialities
2010;1:19-25.
23. Singh S, Kumar V, Kumar S, Subbappa A. The effect of periodontal therapy
on the improvement of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes
mellitus: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries
2008;28:38-44.
24. Hussain Bokhari SA, Khan AA, Tatakis DN, Azhar M, Hanif M, Izhar M.
Non-surgical periodontal therapy lowers serum infl ammatory markers: a
pilot study. J Periodontol 2009;80:1574-80.
25. Merchant AT, Pitiphat W, Rimm EB, Joshipura K. Increased physical activity
decreases periodontitis risk in men. Eur J Epidemiol 2003;18:891-8.
26. Al-Zahrani MS, Borawski EA, Bissada NF. Periodontitis and three
health-enhancing behaviors: maintaining normal weight, engaging in
recommended level of exercise, and consuming a high-quality diet.
J Periodontol 2005;76:1362-6.
27. Al-Zahrani MS, Borawski EA, Bissada NF. Increased physical activity
reduces prevalence of periodontitis. J Dent 2005;33:703-10.
28. Mathus-Vliegen EM, Nikkel D, Brand HS. Oral aspects of obesity. Int Dent
J 2007;57:249-56.
29. Ship JA. Diabetes and oral health: an overview. J Am Dent Assoc 2003;134
Spec No:4S-10.
30. Kunzel C, Lalla E, Lamster IB. Management of the patient who smokes and
the diabetic patient in the dental offi ce. J Periodontol 2006;77:331-40.
Published
2021-10-09
Section
Original Articles
Publisher: 