Decadal Change in Mortality Pattern of Surgical Patients – A Study in Government Tertiary Care Hospital in Vindhya Region

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was to study the change in mortality pattern of surgical patients in government tertiary care hospital over a decade.
Background: By analyzing the mortality pattern, we can identify the major reason for death in surgical wards. That will help to install our preventive strategies and allocate appropriate resources in terms of manpower and equipment where they are most critically needed.
Materials and Methods: For our retrospective study, necessary data were obtained from the registration department due to permission from hospital authority. Out of all the admissions, data of the expired patients during the year 2008 and 2018 in detail using the proforma sheet have extracted. Then, a retrospective and descriptive observational study was done on all patients who have died in the surgery department during the year 2008 and 2018 of Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital (S.G.M.H), associated with Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa (Madhya Pradesh), during the year 2008 and 2018.
Results: In 2008, there were 6286 admissions, of which 453 deaths were occurred, in contrast to 2018 there were 10,887 admissions, of which 702 deaths were noted and observed mortality rate (7.20%) in 2008 and (6.44%) in 2018. During our study, we observed that burn (26.04%) was the leading cause of the death in 2008 and (26.64%) in 2018, next was the road traffic accidents (RTA) specific to head injury (13%) in 2008 and (23.38%) in 2018 and, at third position, viscus perforation (16.78%) was the cause of death in 2008 and (16.39%) in 2018. The case fatality rate is overall decreased over a decade in all diseases.
Conclusion: In our institute (S.G.M.H), surgical mortality has reduced from 7.20% (2008) to 6.44% (2018) almost by 1% over a decade. Burn and RTA were the leading causes of the deaths to reduce the incidence in this both groups, we need to work in both directions as one side we need to improve in our infrastructure and services, and on the other side, we need to focus in preventive strategy as these causes can be preventable by educating the preventive strategies to the people at ground level.