Self-administration of MTP Pills and its Complications: An Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) has been legalized in India since 1971. MTP pills are well effective in the early weeks of gestation and safe only when used under medical supervision.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the clinical presentations and complications following self-administration of MTP pills.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted at SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College Jammu from July 2018 to June 2019. Hundred patients were included in the study. Following factors were studied such as chief complaints, complications, treatment given, and blood transfusion.
Results: Majority (57%) of patients were aged between 30 and 39 years. About 66% were gravid three or more. Only 28% had taken the pill within prescribed gestational age limit for MTP, i.e., <7 weeks. Mid-trimester pill intake was encountered in 14% patients. About 41% presented with incomplete abortion. Anemia was present in majority of patients and blood transfusion was done in 38% patients. About 24% patients presented with life-threatening shock. Sepsis was present in 5% patients. Emergency laparotomy was required in 4% cases. Hysterotomy was done in 2% cases. Continuation of pregnancy was noted in 6% patients. Unintended pregnancy and limiting family size were main reasons for abortion 62% and 32%, respectively.
Conclusions: Unauthorized over-the-counter availability despite legal ban and ignorance of women have led to increased number of unsafe abortions. Increasing awareness among women regarding complications of unsupervised pill intake and easily availability of safe contraceptive methods can help control this health hazard.